Development Theories

This course will study and compare the development of, and debates on, the theories and concepts relating to development studies.  The focus will be on the fundamental premises and approaches for the analysis of the ecological and social systems with an attempt to integrate both natural science and social science dimensions. The discussion will be made through concrete action programs on development studies with both state and local participation, such as community forestry, watershed management, agroecosystem, agroforestry, and indigenous health systems. In addition, students will learn how development studies deal with both the interconnectedness of societies and regional and local specificities in a globalizing world.

• Development and Social change
• Development Theories and Marxism
• Mainstream and Alternative Development Theories
• Crisis in Development Thinking
• Cultural Dimension in Environment and Development
• Discourses on Power, Development and Globalization
• Post-Development Issues of Complexity and Diversity
• Environment and Development: A Political Ecology Approach
• Social Construction of Nature and Neo-liberalization of Nature
• Space of Development
• Gender debates on development theory and practice
• International Aid as development
• In the Name of Development: Poverty and Drugs Eradication
• Neo-liberalism, regionalization, and the New Politics of Development

Basic readings:
Wolfgang Sachs, (1992) The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge and Power. London: Zed Books.
Gordon Conway and Edward B. Barbier (1990) After the Green Revolution: Sustainable Agriculture for Development. London: Earthscan.
Michael Redclift (1987) Sustainable Development: Exploring the Contradictions. London: Methuen.
David Pearce, Edward Babier and Anil Markandya (1990) Sustainable Development: Economics and Environment in the Third World. London: Earthscan.
W. Adams (1990) Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World. London: Routledge.
David C Korten and Rudi Klaus (eds.1984) People Centered Development: Contribution Towards Theory and Planning Frameworks. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.
The World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 
 Reading List
 
Week 1 Development and Social change                                                                        
 
Required Readings:
 McMichael, Philip (2000) Development and Social Change: A Global
Perspective, Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. (Chapter 1 and 5)
 
Week 2 Development Theories and Marxism  
 
Required Readings:
Rist, Gilbert (2000) The History of Development, Chapter 6, 7
 
Week 3 Mainstream and Alternative Development Theories
 
Required Readings:
Rist, Gillbert (2000) The History of Development, Zed Book, Chapter 8, 10
 
Week 4 Crisis in Development Thinking     
 
Required Readings: (in Reading Collections)
 
Frans J. Schuurman: “Introduction: Development Theory in the 1990s,” (From Schuurman)
David Booth: “Development Research: From Impasse to a New Agenda,” (From Schuurman)
 
Recommended Readings:
Jonathan Crush (1995) Power of Development. London: Routledge.
Frans J.Schuurman (ed. 1993) Beyond the Impasse: New Directions in
Development Theory. London: Zed Books.
Mark Hobart (ed.1993) An Anthropological Critique of Development. London: Routledge.
 
Week 5.    Cultural Dimensions in Development 
 
Required Readings:
Milton, Kay,  “Environmentalism and Cultural Diversity” (From Kay Milton)
Ingold, Tim, “Culture and the Perception of the Environment,” (Form Croll and Parkin)
M. Dale Shields, (et. Al.) “Developing and Dismantling Social Capital: Gender and
Resource Management in the Philippines,” (From Rocheleau , Guha, Ramachandra and Juan martinez-Alier: “Poverty and Environment: A Critique of the Conventional Wisdom,”
 
Recommended Readings:
Croll, Elisabeth and David Parkin (Ed. 1992) Bush Base: Forest Farm: Culture,
Environment and Development. London: Routledge.
Milton, Kay (1996) Environmentalism and Cultural Theory: Exploring the Role
of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse. London: Routledge.
Ghai, Dharm and Jessica M. Vivian (Eds. 1995) Grassroots Environmental
Action: People’s Participation in Sustainable Development. London: Routledge
 
Week 6. Discourses on Power, Development and Globalization
 

Required Readings:

Esteva, Gustavo, 1997, “Development,” in The Development Dictionary: A Guide to
Knowledge as Power, Wolfgang Sachs (ed.), London and New Jersey: Zed
Book.
Arturo Escobar “Power and Visibility: Tales of Peasants, Women and the
Environment,” (From Arturo Escobar)
Ferguson, James, 1990, The Anti-politics Machine: “Development,” Depoliticization,
and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press,
Part I and II.
 
Recommended Readings:
 
Arturo Escobar, (1995) Encountering Development: the Making and Unmaking of
the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press
David Booth, (1994) Rethinking Social Development, Theory Research and
Practice. Harlow: Longman Scientific and Technical.
Norman Long and A. Long (eds.) (1992) Battlefields of Knowledge: The
Interlocking of Theory and Practice in Social Research and Development.
London: Routledge.
Michael Redclift (1987) Sustainable Development: Exploring the Contradictions.
London: Methuen.
 
Week 7. Post-Development Issues of Complexity and Diversity                       
 
Required Readings:
R.A Schoeder and K. Suryanata (1996): “Gender and Class Power in Agroforestry Systems: Case Studies from
               Indonesia and West Africa,” (From Peet and Watts, Liberation Ecology)
McKinnon, Katharine (2008) “Taking Post-Development Theory to the Field: Issues in Development Research, Northern Thailand”, Asia Pacific View Point 49(3): 281-293.
 
Recommended Readings:
Norman Long and A. Long (eds.) (1992) Battlefields of Knowledge: The
Interlocking of Theory and Practice in Social Research and Development.
London: Routledge.
Katy Gardner and David Lewis (1996) Anthropology Development and the Post
Modern Challenge. London: Pluto Press.
Michael R. Dove (1983) “Theories of Swidden Agriculture and the Political Economy
of Ignorance,” Agroforestry Systems
 
Week 8 Environment and Development:  A Political Ecology Approach

Required Readings:
Peet, Richard and Michael Watts (eds.), 2004
            Liberation Ecologies. (2^nd edition), London: Routledge. Chapter 1
Neumann, Roderick P., 2005.
            “Environment and Development” in Making Political Ecology. New York:
Hodder Arnold. (Chapter 4)
Peluso, Nancy Lee and Michael Watts, 2001. Violent Environments. (Chapter 1)
            Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
 
Further Readings
Li, Tania Murray, 2007.
            “Introduction: The Will to Improve” in The Will to Improve:
Governmentality, Development and the Practice of Politics. Durham and London: Duke University Press. Read pages 1-30.
Goldman, Michael, 2004. “Eco-governmentality and other transnational practices of
a “green” World Bank”. In Richard Peet and Michael Watts (eds.) Liberation Ecologies. (2^nd edition London: Routledge. PP.166-192
Guha, Remachandra and Juan Martinez-Alier: “The Environmentalism of the Poor,”
in Ramachandra Guha and Juan Martinez-Alier (EDS.) Variety of Environmentalism: Essays North and South. London: Earth Scan.
Rangan, Haripriya, 1996 “From Chipko to Uttaranchal: Development, Environment
and Social Protest in the Garhwal Himalayas, India,” (From Peet and Watts
(eds.) Liberation Ecologies. 1^st edition)
 
 
Week 9.  Social Construction of Nature and Neo-liberalization of Nature              
 
Neumann, Roderick P., 2003. “The Production of Nature: Colonial Recasting of the
African Landscape in Serengeti National Park”. In Zimmerer, Karl S. and
Thomas J. Basset (eds.) Political Ecology: An Integrative Approach to Geography and Environment-Development Studies. New York: The Guilford Press. PP. 240-255.
Bakker, Karen, 2015. “Neoliberalization of Nature” in Tom Perreault, Gavin Bridge and James McCarthy (eds.) The
Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology. London: Routledge. pp. 446-456.
Van Hecken, Gert and Johan Bastiaensen, 2010 “Payment for Ecosystem Services:
Justified or Not? A Political View”. Environmental Science & Policy. 13: 785-792.
Petheram, Lisa and Bruce M.Campbell, 2010 “Listening to Locals on Payment for
Environmental Services”. Journal of Environmental Management. 91: 1139-1149.
 
Further Readings
Forsyth, Tim, 2003. “The Coproduction of Environmental Knowledge and Political
Activism”. Critical Political Ecology. (Chapter 5) London: Routledge. Pp.
103-133.
McAfee, Catherine and Elizabeth N. Shapiro, 2010 “Payment for Ecosystem Services
in Mexico: Nature, Neoliberalism, Social Movements, and the State”. Annals of the American Geographers. 100(3): 579-599.
 
Bulte, Erwin H., Leslie Lipper, Randy Stringer and David Zilberman, 2008 “Payment
for Ecosystem Services and Poverty Reduction: Concepts, Issues, and Empirical Perspectives”. Environment and Development Economics. 13: 245-254.
 
Week 10.  Space of Development
 
Required Readings:
Jessop, Bob 2006. “Spatial Fixes, Temporal Fixes and Spatio-Temporal Fixes” in Noel Castree and Derek Gregory (eds.) David Harvey: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing pp. 142-166.
Hartshock, Nancy 2006. “Globalization and Primitive Accumulation: The Contribution of David Harvey’s Dialectical Marxism” in Noel Castree and Derek Gregory (eds.) David Harvey: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Pp. 167-190.
Glassman, Jim 2006. “Primitive Accumulation, Accumulation by Dispossession, Accumulation by ‘Extra-economic ‘ Means” Progress in Human Geography. 30(5): 608-625.
 
Recommended Readings:
Hirsch, Philip 2001. “Globalization, Regionalization and Local Voices: The Asian Development Bank and Re-scaled
Politics of Environment in the Mekong Region”. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography. 22 (3): 237-251.
Rigg, Jonathan and Chusak Wittayapak 2009. “Spatial Integration and Human Transformations in the Greater
Mekong Subregion” in Yukon Huang and Alesandro Magnoli Bocchi (eds.) Reshaping Economic Geography in East Asia. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Pp. 79-99.
 
Week 11 Gender debates on development theory and practice
 TBA
 
Week 12 International Aid as development
TBA
 
Week 13 In the Name of Development: Poverty and Drugs Eradication 
TBA
 
Week 14 Neo-liberalism, regionalization, and the New Politics of Development
TBA